Otitis Media

Infections of the middle ear are one of the most common reasons for children to see a doctor. Three out of 4 children experience ear infection (otitis media) by the time they are 3 years old. Children are more likely to have ear infections like otitis media that come from bacteria or viruses than adults because of their developing ear anatomy. The middle ear is connected to the back of the nose by the auditory tube (also called the eustachian tube) and its location allows easier access to germs. This may lead to a buildup of fluid and pressure, painful infections, and even hearing loss. Infections in children can affect early speech and language development.   

If the infection is due to bacteria, treatment is possible with antibiotics but if the infection is viral, antibiotics won’t work. Surgery is another treatment option, especially for children with ongoing infections. Small tubes placed inside of children's ears help fluid drainage and relieve pressure in the ears so that hearing improves.

Chronic otitis media can affect adults, too. It is a long-lasting middle ear infection that can damage the ossicles (middle ear bones) and even lead to a perforation in the eardrum. Perforations can heal but when a chronic infection is present this is less likely, and hearing loss can occur.